San Marino

San Marino, the oldest functioning republic, decriminalized same-sex relations in 1864 and repealed the last inherited penal vestige in 2004 (article 274, in force 1975–2004). The age of consent has been equalized at 14 since the 19th century. The civil union for same-sex couples was approved on November 15, 2018, in force from December 5, 2018 and fully operational by February 11, 2019, with stepchild adoption available since then. Law 66/2008 banned discrimination and hate speech on sexual orientation in employment, services and all areas, with penalty enhancement for hate crimes; a constitutional referendum on June 2, 2019 added sexual orientation to the Declaration of Citizens' Rights (article 4) with 71% in favour. Gender-identity protections have been in force since 2016, though without legal gender change recognition for trans people, and marriage is not equalized for citizens (same-sex marriage for foreigners has been available since 2017 for tourism purposes). Catholic-conservative microstate inside Italy · legal framework aligned with Italy's plus its own constitutional anti-discrimination · gay scene of surrounding Romagna easily reachable in minutes.