Directory · 200 countries
Countries gay friendly worldwide
Every country with its verified LGBTQI+ legal framework and safety level. Sorted by default from safest to least safe. Switch to continent view if you prefer geographic browsing.
SAFE · 30 countries
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Belgium Safe 100/100 Belgium was the second country worldwide to legalize marriage equality (2003, after the Netherlands).
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Spain Safe 100/100 Spain is one of the world's most advanced countries on LGBTQI+ rights.
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Iceland Safe 100/100 Iceland among the world's most consistently LGBTQI+ friendly countries.
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Malta Safe 100/100 Malta consistently ranks among Europe's leading countries on LGBTQI+ legal framework since 2015.
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Norway Safe 100/100 Norway has one of the world's most solid LGBTQI+ frameworks.
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New Zealand Safe 100/100 New Zealand was the first Oceania country to legalize same-sex marriage (2013) and joint adoption.
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Sweden Safe 100/100 Sweden has one of Europe's most progressive LGBTQI+ legal frameworks.
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Denmark Safe 99/100 Denmark led the way globally: first country worldwide to legally recognize same-sex unions (regis…
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Luxembourg Safe 99/100 Luxembourg approved marriage equality on January 1, 2015 (last Benelux country).
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Netherlands Safe 99/100 The Netherlands was the first country to legalize same-sex marriage worldwide (April 1, 2001) wit…
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Germany Safe 95/100 Germany recognizes marriage equality and joint adoption since 2017.
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Portugal Safe 95/100 Portugal is among the world's most advanced countries on LGBTQI+ rights.
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Ireland Safe 94/100 Ireland was the first country worldwide to legalize marriage equality via popular referendum (May…
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Greece Safe 90/100 Greece approved marriage equality in February 2024 (176 in favor, 76 against, 48 abstentions (300…
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Uruguay Safe 90/100 Uruguay has one of Latin America's most solid LGBTQI+ frameworks.
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Andorra Safe 89/100 Andorra approved marriage equality on February 17, 2023 (34th country worldwide).
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Austria Safe 89/100 Austria has a solid LGBTQI+ framework.
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Switzerland Safe 89/100 Switzerland approved marriage equality by popular referendum (September 26, 2021, 64% yes, majori…
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Finland Safe 89/100 Finland among Europe's solid LGBTQI+ frameworks.
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Greenland Safe 89/100 Greenland is an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark with its own robust LGBTQI+ framework.
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Slovenia Safe 89/100 Slovenia approved marriage equality on July 9, 2022 by Constitutional Court ruling, which found t…
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Chile Safe 86/100 Chile has recognized marriage equality since 2022 (Law 21.400) and legal gender change without me…
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France Safe 85/100 France decriminalized homosexuality in 1791 (French Revolution).
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Taiwan Safe 85/100 Marriage equality reached Asia first via Taiwan on May 24, 2019 — implementing the 2017 Constitut…
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Australia Safe 84/100 Australia recognizes marriage equality since 2017 (after postal survey) and national adoption sin…
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United Kingdom Safe 84/100 United Kingdom recognizes marriage equality in England, Wales, and Scotland since 2014, and North…
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Czech Republic Safe 82/100 Czech Republic is Central Europe's most liberal country on LGBTQI+ issues.
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Italy Safe 82/100 Italy recognizes civil unions between same-sex partners since 2016 (Cirinnà Law 76/2016) but not …
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Canada Safe 81/100 Canada was among the first to legalize same-sex marriage (2005, fourth country worldwide).
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Argentina Safe 80/100 Argentina is a Latin American leader in LGBTQI+ rights.
FRIENDLY · 19 countries
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Thailand Friendly 78/100 Thailand legalized same-sex marriage on January 23, 2025, becoming the first country in Southeast…
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Liechtenstein Friendly 77/100 Liechtenstein decriminalized homosexuality in 1989 — the reform repealed §§129-130 of the crimina…
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San Marino Friendly 77/100 San Marino, the oldest functioning republic, decriminalized same-sex relations in 1864 and repeal…
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Brazil Friendly 76/100 Brazil has recognized marriage equality since 2013 and, by Federal Supreme Court ruling in 2019, …
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Mexico Friendly 75/100 Mexico completed marriage equality across all 32 states in 2022 and has had a federal anti-discri…
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Cuba Friendly 74/100 Cuba approved marriage equality on September 25, 2022 via national referendum (66.85% yes) on the…
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Ecuador Friendly 71/100 Ecuador approved marriage equality on June 12, 2019 by Constitutional Court ruling (5-4) followin…
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Colombia Friendly 70/100 Colombia recognizes marriage equality since 2016, joint adoption since 2015, and legal gender cha…
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Estonia Friendly 69/100 Estonia legalized marriage equality on January 1, 2024 — first Baltic and post-Soviet state to re…
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Israel Friendly 69/100 Israel decriminalized homosexuality in 1988 and since has built the Middle East's most progressiv…
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United States Friendly 69/100 Marriage equality has been federal in the US since the 2015 Obergefell v.
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Costa Rica Friendly 68/100 Marriage equality landed in Costa Rica on May 26, 2020 — the first Central American jurisdiction …
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Croatia Friendly 68/100 Croatia decriminalized homosexuality in 1977 under the Socialist Republic.
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Botswana Friendly 67/100 Botswana decriminalized same-sex relations on June 11, 2019 by High Court ruling, upheld on appea…
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Cape Verde Friendly 65/100 Cape Verde is one of the most LGBT-tolerant countries in Africa.
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Cyprus Friendly 63/100 Cyprus decriminalized homosexuality in 1998, one of the last EU countries to do so, and equalized…
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Latvia Friendly 63/100 Latvia decriminalized homosexuality in 1992 after independence.
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Serbia Friendly 63/100 Serbia decriminalized homosexuality in 1994.
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Japan Friendly 62/100 Japan decriminalized homosexuality in 1882 but does not recognize marriage equality nationally.
NEUTRAL · 45 countries
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Nepal Neutral 59/100 Nepal decriminalized same-sex relations in 2007 with the Supreme Court's Sunil Babu Pant v.
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Poland Neutral 59/100 Poland decriminalized homosexuality very early (1932 Penal Code).
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Ukraine Neutral 58/100 Ukraine decriminalized male same-sex relations in 1991 (female same-sex relations were never crim…
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Vietnam Neutral 58/100 Vietnam has never criminalized consensual same-sex sexual activity between adults.
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Bhutan Neutral 57/100 Bhutan decriminalized consensual same-sex relations between adults on February 17, 2021, through …
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Monaco Neutral 57/100 Monaco inherited French decriminalization in 1793 and keeps the age of consent equal at 15 for al…
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Mauritius Neutral 57/100 Mauritius decriminalized same-sex relations on October 4, 2023, when the Supreme Court declared S…
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Singapore Neutral 56/100 Singapore's Parliament voted to repeal Section 377A on November 29, 2022 (in force January 3, 202…
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Hungary Neutral 55/100 Hungary went through a historic political turn in 2025-2026 after years of Orbán-era rollback.
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Seychelles Neutral 55/100 Seychelles decriminalized same-sex relations on May 18, 2016, when the National Assembly approved…
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South Africa Neutral 55/100 South Africa is the only African country with marriage equality (Civil Union Act, November 30, 20…
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Bolivia Neutral 54/100 Bolivia decriminalized same-sex relations in 1832, one of the earliest in the Americas.
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India Neutral 54/100 India decriminalized consensual same-sex activity between adults on September 6, 2018, when the S…
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Suriname Neutral 53/100 Suriname decriminalized same-sex relations in 1869, one of the continent's earliest (Dutch coloni…
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Angola Neutral 52/100 Angola revised its Penal Code on November 4, 2020 (signed by the president on November 6 and in f…
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Belize Neutral 52/100 Belize decriminalized same-sex relations on August 10, 2016, when the Supreme Court declared Sect…
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Hong Kong Neutral 52/100 Hong Kong operates under the "one country, two systems" principle as a Special Administrative Reg…
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Marshall Islands Neutral 52/100 Marshall Islands decriminalized same-sex relations in 2005.
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Slovakia Neutral 52/100 Slovakia decriminalized homosexuality in 1962 when part of Czechoslovakia.
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Azerbaijan Neutral 50/100 Although same-sex relations were decriminalized in 2000, Azerbaijan consistently ranks among the …
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Belarus Neutral 50/100 Although same-sex relations were decriminalized in 1994, in April 2026 Belarus enacted a law proh…
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Saint Kitts and Nevis Neutral 50/100 Consensual relations between adults of the same sex were decriminalized in August 2022 following …
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Russia Neutral 50/100 Although same-sex relations have not been criminalized since 1993, in November 2023 Russia's Supr…
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Vatican City Neutral 50/100 Vatican City has had no criminal laws against consensual same-sex relations since 1890 (inherited…
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China Neutral 49/100 China decriminalized homosexuality in 1997 with a Penal Code reform, and it was removed from the …
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Guinea-Bissau Neutral 49/100 Guinea-Bissau decriminalized homosexuality in 1993 with the post-independence penal-code decree (No.
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Montenegro Neutral 49/100 Montenegro decriminalized homosexuality in 1977 as part of Yugoslavia.
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Philippines Neutral 49/100 The Philippines recognizes private consensual relations between same-sex adults as legal, though …
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Timor-Leste Neutral 49/100 Timor-Leste has had legal same-sex relations since 1975, with an equal age of consent of 14.
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Barbados Neutral 48/100 Barbados decriminalized same-sex relations in December 2022, when courts ruled colonial 'buggery'…
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Dominican Republic Neutral 48/100 The Dominican Republic decriminalized same-sex relations in 1822 (when part of Haiti), but does n…
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Saint Lucia Neutral 48/100 Saint Lucia decriminalized same-sex relations in July 2025, when the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Co…
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Mozambique Neutral 48/100 Mozambique decriminalized same-sex relations on June 30, 2015 with the new Penal Code signed by P…
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São Tomé and Príncipe Neutral 48/100 São Tomé and Príncipe decriminalized same-sex relations in 2012 with its Penal Code reform.
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Venezuela Neutral 48/100 Venezuela decriminalized same-sex relations in 1997 after the country's top court found the prior…
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Cambodia Neutral 45/100 Cambodia has never criminalized consensual same-sex relations in its history, with an equal age o…
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Lithuania Neutral 45/100 Lithuania decriminalized homosexuality in 1993 and saw a favorable turn 2024-2025 via the Constit…
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Lesotho Neutral 44/100 Lesotho decriminalized same-sex relations in 2012.
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Mongolia Neutral 44/100 Mongolia's 1993 penal-code revision stripped all homosexuality references (after 1961 criminaliza…
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North Macedonia Neutral 43/100 North Macedonia decriminalized homosexuality in 1996 as a condition for Council of Europe membership.
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Romania Neutral 43/100 Romania decriminalized homosexuality very late, in January 2002, after an ordinance signed by Pre…
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Albania Neutral 40/100 Albania decriminalized homosexuality on January 20, 1995 and approved broad anti-discrimination i…
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Fiji Neutral 40/100 Fiji decriminalized same-sex relations on February 1, 2010 through the Crimes Decree 2009.
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Lebanon Neutral 40/100 Lebanon technically criminalizes gay sex under Article 534 of the Penal Code (penalties up to one…
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Peru Neutral 40/100 Peru does not recognize marriage equality or civil unions between same-sex partners.
CAUTION · 35 countries
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Sri Lanka Caution 39/100 Sri Lanka still applies Section 365 of the Penal Code — a 1885 colonial relic from British Ceylon…
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Moldova Caution 39/100 Moldova decriminalized homosexuality in 1995 and introduced employment anti-discrimination in 201…
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Namibia Caution 39/100 Namibia experienced a year of contradictory movements.
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Micronesia Caution 38/100 In the Federated States of Micronesia same-sex relations are legal and since 2018 a statutory ban…
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Kosovo Caution 38/100
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South Korea Caution 37/100 Consensual same-sex relations are legal in South Korea at the civilian level, though they remain …
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Laos Caution 36/100 Laos has never criminalized consensual same-sex activity, with an equal age of consent of 15.
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Macao Caution 36/100 Macao operates as a Special Administrative Region of China under "one country, two systems", with…
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Nauru Caution 36/100 Same-sex relations were decriminalised in Nauru in May 2016 and clinician-led conversion practice…
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Rwanda Caution 36/100 Same-sex relations have never been criminalized in Rwanda and the age of consent (18) is equal.
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Armenia Caution 35/100 Armenia decriminalized homosexuality in 2003 as a requirement to join the Council of Europe, but …
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Kazakhstan Caution 35/100 Kazakhstan decriminalized homosexuality in late 1997, but between 2024 and 2026 experienced signi…
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Panama Caution 35/100 Panama decriminalized same-sex relations in 2008, one of the Americas' latest decriminalizations.
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Turkey Caution 35/100 Turkey decriminalized homosexuality in 1858 (Ottoman Empire), but the legal framework is empty: n…
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Antigua and Barbuda Caution 34/100 Antigua and Barbuda decriminalized same-sex relations in 2022 when the Eastern Caribbean Supreme …
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Georgia Caution 34/100 Georgia decriminalized in 2000 and approved broad anti-discrimination in 2014 (EU requirement), b…
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Honduras Caution 34/100 Honduras decriminalized same-sex relations in 1899; a 2005 constitutional rewrite then locked out…
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Vanuatu Caution 34/100 Vanuatu has same-sex relations legal since 2007 (2006 Penal Code amendment), but Nov 2024 parliam…
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Paraguay Caution 30/100 Paraguay decriminalized same-sex relations in 1990, one of South America's latest decriminalizations.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina Caution 29/100 Bosnia and Herzegovina has an LGBTQI+ framework fragmented by its federal structure.
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Dominica Caution 29/100 Same-sex relations were decriminalised in Dominica on April 22, 2024 after a High Court ruling st…
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Jordan Caution 29/100 Jordan decriminalized homosexuality in 1951 when drafting its own penal code (one of the earliest…
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Kyrgyzstan Caution 29/100 Kyrgyzstan decriminalized homosexuality in 1998 after Soviet independence, but the context has de…
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Palau Caution 29/100 Palau decriminalized same-sex relations on July 23, 2014 when the new Penal Code took effect.
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Bulgaria Caution 27/100 Bulgaria decriminalized homosexuality in 1968 and has broad anti-discrimination since 2004 (EU ob…
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Guatemala Caution 27/100 Guatemala decriminalized same-sex relations in 1871, but does not recognize same-sex couples in m…
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Nicaragua Caution 27/100 Nicaragua decriminalized same-sex relations in March 2008, relatively late for Latin America.
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El Salvador Caution 27/100 El Salvador decriminalized same-sex relations in 1822, but is considered one of Latin America's m…
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Equatorial Guinea Caution 25/100 Although same-sex relations are not explicitly criminalized (legal since 1931), LGBTQI+ people fa…
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Tajikistan Caution 25/100 Although consensual same-sex relations were decriminalized in May 1998, LGBTQI+ people in Tajikis…
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DR Congo Caution 23/100 Same-sex relations are legal in the DRC but no statutory shield exists.
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Haiti Caution 23/100 Same-sex relations have never been a crime in Haiti — the 1791 French penal text (applied to Sain…
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Trinidad and Tobago Caution 22/100 Trinidad and Tobago decriminalized same-sex relations in 2018 when the High Court repealed Sexual…
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Benin Caution 20/100 Benin maintains same-sex acts legal (age of consent equalized in 2018), being one of the few fran…
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Gabon Caution 20/100 Gabon experienced a regression-restoration between 2019-2020: on July 5, 2019 criminalized same-s…
AVOID · 71 countries
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Central African Republic Avoid 17/100 Central African Republic has same-sex relations legal but marriage is constitutionally banned (Ar…
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Madagascar Avoid 17/100 Same-sex relations have been legal in Madagascar since 1972 for those aged 21 and older.
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Bahamas Avoid 15/100 The Bahamas decriminalized same-sex relations in 1991 (consensual same-sex activity is legal).
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United Arab Emirates Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under the Federal Crimes and Penalties Law (Federal Decree-La…
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Afghanistan Avoid 10/100 Following the Taliban takeover in 2021, homosexuality is deemed against Islamic (Sharia) law and …
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Bangladesh Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Section 377 of the Penal Code inherited from the Britis…
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Burkina Faso Avoid 10/100 Burkina Faso criminalized same-sex relations on September 1, 2025 (within the new Persons and Fam…
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Bahrain Avoid 10/100 Although consensual same-sex relations between adults are not explicitly criminalized since 1976,…
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Burundi Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Burundi's Penal Code (article 590 of the 2017 revised C…
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Brunei Avoid 10/100 The Sharia Penal Code Order (SPCO) implemented in 2014 and fully in force since 2019 prescribes d…
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Cameroon Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Cameroon's Penal Code (article 347-1, introduced in 197…
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Djibouti Avoid 10/100 Although no law explicitly mentions same-sex relations, Djibouti's authorities prosecute them und…
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Algeria Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Algeria's Penal Code (articles 338 and 333, in force si…
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Egypt Avoid 10/100 Although Egypt's Penal Code does not explicitly criminalize same-sex relations, authorities apply…
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Eritrea Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under article 600 of Eritrea's Penal Code (Section II 'Sexual…
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Ethiopia Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under articles 629-630 of Ethiopia's Penal Code (2004), with …
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Grenada Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under Grenada's Criminal Code (Section 431, "un…
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Ghana Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations between males are criminalized under Section 104(1)(b) of Ghana's Criminal Cod…
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The Gambia Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized in The Gambia since the 1933 Criminal Code, extended to women…
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Guinea Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under articles 325-327 of Guinea's Penal Code (since 1988), w…
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Guyana Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under the Criminal Law (Offences) Act of 1893 (…
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Indonesia Avoid 10/100 Indonesia is an archipelago with an ambiguous legal framework: the national criminal code carries…
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Iraq Avoid 10/100 In April 2024, the Iraqi Parliament passed a law explicitly criminalizing same-sex relations with…
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Iran Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Iran's Islamic Penal Code (articles 233-239), with pena…
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Jamaica Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under the Offences Against the Person Act of 18…
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Kenya Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Sections 162 and 165 of Kenya's Penal Code (in force si…
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Kiribati Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under Kiribati's Penal Code (Section 153, "bugg…
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Comoros Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under article 300 of Comoros' Penal Code (2020), with penalti…
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North Korea Avoid 10/100 North Korea's 1950 Criminal Code (amended 2009) does not explicitly criminalize same-sex relation…
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Kuwait Avoid 10/100 Consensual same-sex relations between adult men are criminalized under Article 193 of the Penal C…
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Liberia Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Sections 14.74 and 14.79 of Liberia's Penal Code (1978)…
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Libya Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under article 407(4) of Libya's Penal Code (1953, amended in …
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Morocco Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under article 489 of Morocco's Penal Code (since 1962), with …
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Mali Avoid 10/100 Mali criminalized homosexuality in December 2024 under the military junta, reversing the previous…
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Myanmar Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Section 377 of Myanmar's Penal Code (enacted 1886 under…
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Mauritania Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 308 of the 1983 Criminal Code, with the death p…
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Maldives Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Section 411(2) of the Maldives Penal Code (in force sin…
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Malawi Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Sections 153, 156 and 137A of the Penal Code (inherited…
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Malaysia Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Section 377A of the Penal Code (enacted 1871 under Brit…
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Nigeria Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized throughout Nigeria: up to 14 years' imprisonment in southern …
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Oman Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under articles 33 and 223 of Oman's penal code, with sentence…
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Papua New Guinea Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under Section 210 of the Papua New Guinea Penal…
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Pakistan Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 377 of the Pakistan Penal Code (enacted 1860, i…
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Palestine Avoid 10/100 The legal framework in Palestine is complex and divided: the West Bank applies the 1951 Jordanian…
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Qatar Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 296 of the Penal Code (Law 11/2004), with sente…
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Saudi Arabia Avoid 10/100 Saudi Arabia has no codified penal code: it applies Sharia as interpreted by judges, with penalti…
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Solomon Islands Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under Section 160 of the Solomon Islands Penal …
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Sudan Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 148 of the 1991 Criminal Act (amended in 2009 a…
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Sierra Leone Avoid 10/100 Male same-sex relations are criminalized with life imprisonment under Section 61 of the Offences …
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Senegal Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 319 of the Senegalese Penal Code.
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Somalia Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations have been criminalized in Somalia since 1899.
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South Sudan Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 248 of the 2008 Penal Code ("unnatural offences…
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Syria Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations have been criminalized since 1949 under Article 520 of the Syrian Penal Code, …
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Eswatini Avoid 10/100 Male same-sex relations are classified as sodomy under 1907 common law, without practical enforce…
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Chad Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations have been criminalized since 2017 under Article 354 of the new Penal Code, wit…
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Togo Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 88 of the 1980 Penal Code, with penalties of 1 …
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Turkmenistan Avoid 10/100 Relations between men are criminalized under Article 135, Section 1 of Turkmenistan's Criminal Co…
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Tunisia Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 230 of the 1913 Penal Code, with up to 3 years'…
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Tonga Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under Section 136 of Tonga's Criminal Offences …
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Tuvalu Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under Sections 153-155 of Tuvalu's Penal Code, …
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Tanzania Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized with life imprisonment (minimum 30 years) under Section 154 o…
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Uganda Avoid 10/100 The 2023 Anti-Homosexuality Act establishes life imprisonment for homosexual acts and the death p…
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Uzbekistan Avoid 10/100 Relations between men are criminalized under Article 120 of Uzbekistan's Criminal Code (1994, rev…
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Avoid 10/100 Consensual same-sex relations are criminalized under the 1990 Criminal Code (Section 146, "bugger…
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Samoa Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under the Crimes Act 2013 (Sections 67-71), wit…
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Yemen Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under articles 264 and 268 of the 1994 Penal Code, with penal…
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Zambia Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Sections 155 and 156 of the Penal Code (amended by Act No.
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Zimbabwe Avoid 10/100 Male same-sex sexual relations are criminalized (British colonial inheritance), with penalties of…
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Republic of the Congo Avoid 9/100 The Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) has same-sex sexual activity legal since 1940 — one…
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Côte d'Ivoire Avoid 8/100 In Côte d'Ivoire, private consensual same-sex behaviour is lawful and has never carried criminal …
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Niger Avoid 1/100 Niger criminalized same-sex relations in March 2025, when the military junta adopted Article 25 o…
Europe · 86 countries
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Belgium Safe 100/100 Belgium was the second country worldwide to legalize marriage equality (2003, after the Netherlands).
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Spain Safe 100/100 Spain is one of the world's most advanced countries on LGBTQI+ rights.
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Iceland Safe 100/100 Iceland among the world's most consistently LGBTQI+ friendly countries.
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Malta Safe 100/100 Malta consistently ranks among Europe's leading countries on LGBTQI+ legal framework since 2015.
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Norway Safe 100/100 Norway has one of the world's most solid LGBTQI+ frameworks.
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Sweden Safe 100/100 Sweden has one of Europe's most progressive LGBTQI+ legal frameworks.
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Denmark Safe 99/100 Denmark led the way globally: first country worldwide to legally recognize same-sex unions (regis…
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Luxembourg Safe 99/100 Luxembourg approved marriage equality on January 1, 2015 (last Benelux country).
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Netherlands Safe 99/100 The Netherlands was the first country to legalize same-sex marriage worldwide (April 1, 2001) wit…
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Germany Safe 95/100 Germany recognizes marriage equality and joint adoption since 2017.
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Portugal Safe 95/100 Portugal is among the world's most advanced countries on LGBTQI+ rights.
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Ireland Safe 94/100 Ireland was the first country worldwide to legalize marriage equality via popular referendum (May…
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Greece Safe 90/100 Greece approved marriage equality in February 2024 (176 in favor, 76 against, 48 abstentions (300…
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Uruguay Safe 90/100 Uruguay has one of Latin America's most solid LGBTQI+ frameworks.
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Andorra Safe 89/100 Andorra approved marriage equality on February 17, 2023 (34th country worldwide).
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Austria Safe 89/100 Austria has a solid LGBTQI+ framework.
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Switzerland Safe 89/100 Switzerland approved marriage equality by popular referendum (September 26, 2021, 64% yes, majori…
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Finland Safe 89/100 Finland among Europe's solid LGBTQI+ frameworks.
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Greenland Safe 89/100 Greenland is an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark with its own robust LGBTQI+ framework.
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Slovenia Safe 89/100 Slovenia approved marriage equality on July 9, 2022 by Constitutional Court ruling, which found t…
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Chile Safe 86/100 Chile has recognized marriage equality since 2022 (Law 21.400) and legal gender change without me…
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France Safe 85/100 France decriminalized homosexuality in 1791 (French Revolution).
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United Kingdom Safe 84/100 United Kingdom recognizes marriage equality in England, Wales, and Scotland since 2014, and North…
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Czech Republic Safe 82/100 Czech Republic is Central Europe's most liberal country on LGBTQI+ issues.
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Italy Safe 82/100 Italy recognizes civil unions between same-sex partners since 2016 (Cirinnà Law 76/2016) but not …
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Canada Safe 81/100 Canada was among the first to legalize same-sex marriage (2005, fourth country worldwide).
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Argentina Safe 80/100 Argentina is a Latin American leader in LGBTQI+ rights.
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Liechtenstein Friendly 77/100 Liechtenstein decriminalized homosexuality in 1989 — the reform repealed §§129-130 of the crimina…
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San Marino Friendly 77/100 San Marino, the oldest functioning republic, decriminalized same-sex relations in 1864 and repeal…
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Brazil Friendly 76/100 Brazil has recognized marriage equality since 2013 and, by Federal Supreme Court ruling in 2019, …
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Mexico Friendly 75/100 Mexico completed marriage equality across all 32 states in 2022 and has had a federal anti-discri…
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Cuba Friendly 74/100 Cuba approved marriage equality on September 25, 2022 via national referendum (66.85% yes) on the…
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Ecuador Friendly 71/100 Ecuador approved marriage equality on June 12, 2019 by Constitutional Court ruling (5-4) followin…
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Colombia Friendly 70/100 Colombia recognizes marriage equality since 2016, joint adoption since 2015, and legal gender cha…
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Estonia Friendly 69/100 Estonia legalized marriage equality on January 1, 2024 — first Baltic and post-Soviet state to re…
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United States Friendly 69/100 Marriage equality has been federal in the US since the 2015 Obergefell v.
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Costa Rica Friendly 68/100 Marriage equality landed in Costa Rica on May 26, 2020 — the first Central American jurisdiction …
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Croatia Friendly 68/100 Croatia decriminalized homosexuality in 1977 under the Socialist Republic.
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Cyprus Friendly 63/100 Cyprus decriminalized homosexuality in 1998, one of the last EU countries to do so, and equalized…
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Latvia Friendly 63/100 Latvia decriminalized homosexuality in 1992 after independence.
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Serbia Friendly 63/100 Serbia decriminalized homosexuality in 1994.
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Poland Neutral 59/100 Poland decriminalized homosexuality very early (1932 Penal Code).
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Ukraine Neutral 58/100 Ukraine decriminalized male same-sex relations in 1991 (female same-sex relations were never crim…
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Monaco Neutral 57/100 Monaco inherited French decriminalization in 1793 and keeps the age of consent equal at 15 for al…
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Hungary Neutral 55/100 Hungary went through a historic political turn in 2025-2026 after years of Orbán-era rollback.
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Bolivia Neutral 54/100 Bolivia decriminalized same-sex relations in 1832, one of the earliest in the Americas.
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Suriname Neutral 53/100 Suriname decriminalized same-sex relations in 1869, one of the continent's earliest (Dutch coloni…
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Belize Neutral 52/100 Belize decriminalized same-sex relations on August 10, 2016, when the Supreme Court declared Sect…
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Slovakia Neutral 52/100 Slovakia decriminalized homosexuality in 1962 when part of Czechoslovakia.
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Azerbaijan Neutral 50/100 Although same-sex relations were decriminalized in 2000, Azerbaijan consistently ranks among the …
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Belarus Neutral 50/100 Although same-sex relations were decriminalized in 1994, in April 2026 Belarus enacted a law proh…
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Saint Kitts and Nevis Neutral 50/100 Consensual relations between adults of the same sex were decriminalized in August 2022 following …
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Russia Neutral 50/100 Although same-sex relations have not been criminalized since 1993, in November 2023 Russia's Supr…
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Vatican City Neutral 50/100 Vatican City has had no criminal laws against consensual same-sex relations since 1890 (inherited…
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Montenegro Neutral 49/100 Montenegro decriminalized homosexuality in 1977 as part of Yugoslavia.
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Barbados Neutral 48/100 Barbados decriminalized same-sex relations in December 2022, when courts ruled colonial 'buggery'…
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Dominican Republic Neutral 48/100 The Dominican Republic decriminalized same-sex relations in 1822 (when part of Haiti), but does n…
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Saint Lucia Neutral 48/100 Saint Lucia decriminalized same-sex relations in July 2025, when the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Co…
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Venezuela Neutral 48/100 Venezuela decriminalized same-sex relations in 1997 after the country's top court found the prior…
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Lithuania Neutral 45/100 Lithuania decriminalized homosexuality in 1993 and saw a favorable turn 2024-2025 via the Constit…
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North Macedonia Neutral 43/100 North Macedonia decriminalized homosexuality in 1996 as a condition for Council of Europe membership.
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Romania Neutral 43/100 Romania decriminalized homosexuality very late, in January 2002, after an ordinance signed by Pre…
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Albania Neutral 40/100 Albania decriminalized homosexuality on January 20, 1995 and approved broad anti-discrimination i…
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Peru Neutral 40/100 Peru does not recognize marriage equality or civil unions between same-sex partners.
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Moldova Caution 39/100 Moldova decriminalized homosexuality in 1995 and introduced employment anti-discrimination in 201…
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Kosovo Caution 38/100
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Armenia Caution 35/100 Armenia decriminalized homosexuality in 2003 as a requirement to join the Council of Europe, but …
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Panama Caution 35/100 Panama decriminalized same-sex relations in 2008, one of the Americas' latest decriminalizations.
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Turkey Caution 35/100 Turkey decriminalized homosexuality in 1858 (Ottoman Empire), but the legal framework is empty: n…
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Antigua and Barbuda Caution 34/100 Antigua and Barbuda decriminalized same-sex relations in 2022 when the Eastern Caribbean Supreme …
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Georgia Caution 34/100 Georgia decriminalized in 2000 and approved broad anti-discrimination in 2014 (EU requirement), b…
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Honduras Caution 34/100 Honduras decriminalized same-sex relations in 1899; a 2005 constitutional rewrite then locked out…
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Paraguay Caution 30/100 Paraguay decriminalized same-sex relations in 1990, one of South America's latest decriminalizations.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina Caution 29/100 Bosnia and Herzegovina has an LGBTQI+ framework fragmented by its federal structure.
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Dominica Caution 29/100 Same-sex relations were decriminalised in Dominica on April 22, 2024 after a High Court ruling st…
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Bulgaria Caution 27/100 Bulgaria decriminalized homosexuality in 1968 and has broad anti-discrimination since 2004 (EU ob…
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Guatemala Caution 27/100 Guatemala decriminalized same-sex relations in 1871, but does not recognize same-sex couples in m…
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Nicaragua Caution 27/100 Nicaragua decriminalized same-sex relations in March 2008, relatively late for Latin America.
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El Salvador Caution 27/100 El Salvador decriminalized same-sex relations in 1822, but is considered one of Latin America's m…
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Haiti Caution 23/100 Same-sex relations have never been a crime in Haiti — the 1791 French penal text (applied to Sain…
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Trinidad and Tobago Caution 22/100 Trinidad and Tobago decriminalized same-sex relations in 2018 when the High Court repealed Sexual…
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Bahamas Avoid 15/100 The Bahamas decriminalized same-sex relations in 1991 (consensual same-sex activity is legal).
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Grenada Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under Grenada's Criminal Code (Section 431, "un…
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Guyana Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under the Criminal Law (Offences) Act of 1893 (…
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Jamaica Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under the Offences Against the Person Act of 18…
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Avoid 10/100 Consensual same-sex relations are criminalized under the 1990 Criminal Code (Section 146, "bugger…
Oceania · 14 countries
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New Zealand Safe 100/100 New Zealand was the first Oceania country to legalize same-sex marriage (2013) and joint adoption.
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Australia Safe 84/100 Australia recognizes marriage equality since 2017 (after postal survey) and national adoption sin…
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Marshall Islands Neutral 52/100 Marshall Islands decriminalized same-sex relations in 2005.
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Fiji Neutral 40/100 Fiji decriminalized same-sex relations on February 1, 2010 through the Crimes Decree 2009.
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Micronesia Caution 38/100 In the Federated States of Micronesia same-sex relations are legal and since 2018 a statutory ban…
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Nauru Caution 36/100 Same-sex relations were decriminalised in Nauru in May 2016 and clinician-led conversion practice…
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Vanuatu Caution 34/100 Vanuatu has same-sex relations legal since 2007 (2006 Penal Code amendment), but Nov 2024 parliam…
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Palau Caution 29/100 Palau decriminalized same-sex relations on July 23, 2014 when the new Penal Code took effect.
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Kiribati Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under Kiribati's Penal Code (Section 153, "bugg…
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Papua New Guinea Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under Section 210 of the Papua New Guinea Penal…
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Solomon Islands Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under Section 160 of the Solomon Islands Penal …
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Tonga Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under Section 136 of Tonga's Criminal Offences …
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Tuvalu Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under Sections 153-155 of Tuvalu's Penal Code, …
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Samoa Avoid 10/100 Consensual relations between men are criminalized under the Crimes Act 2013 (Sections 67-71), wit…
Asia · 46 countries
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Taiwan Safe 85/100 Marriage equality reached Asia first via Taiwan on May 24, 2019 — implementing the 2017 Constitut…
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Thailand Friendly 78/100 Thailand legalized same-sex marriage on January 23, 2025, becoming the first country in Southeast…
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Israel Friendly 69/100 Israel decriminalized homosexuality in 1988 and since has built the Middle East's most progressiv…
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Japan Friendly 62/100 Japan decriminalized homosexuality in 1882 but does not recognize marriage equality nationally.
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Nepal Neutral 59/100 Nepal decriminalized same-sex relations in 2007 with the Supreme Court's Sunil Babu Pant v.
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Vietnam Neutral 58/100 Vietnam has never criminalized consensual same-sex sexual activity between adults.
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Bhutan Neutral 57/100 Bhutan decriminalized consensual same-sex relations between adults on February 17, 2021, through …
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Singapore Neutral 56/100 Singapore's Parliament voted to repeal Section 377A on November 29, 2022 (in force January 3, 202…
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India Neutral 54/100 India decriminalized consensual same-sex activity between adults on September 6, 2018, when the S…
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Hong Kong Neutral 52/100 Hong Kong operates under the "one country, two systems" principle as a Special Administrative Reg…
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China Neutral 49/100 China decriminalized homosexuality in 1997 with a Penal Code reform, and it was removed from the …
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Philippines Neutral 49/100 The Philippines recognizes private consensual relations between same-sex adults as legal, though …
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Timor-Leste Neutral 49/100 Timor-Leste has had legal same-sex relations since 1975, with an equal age of consent of 14.
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Cambodia Neutral 45/100 Cambodia has never criminalized consensual same-sex relations in its history, with an equal age o…
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Mongolia Neutral 44/100 Mongolia's 1993 penal-code revision stripped all homosexuality references (after 1961 criminaliza…
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Lebanon Neutral 40/100 Lebanon technically criminalizes gay sex under Article 534 of the Penal Code (penalties up to one…
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Sri Lanka Caution 39/100 Sri Lanka still applies Section 365 of the Penal Code — a 1885 colonial relic from British Ceylon…
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South Korea Caution 37/100 Consensual same-sex relations are legal in South Korea at the civilian level, though they remain …
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Laos Caution 36/100 Laos has never criminalized consensual same-sex activity, with an equal age of consent of 15.
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Macao Caution 36/100 Macao operates as a Special Administrative Region of China under "one country, two systems", with…
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Kazakhstan Caution 35/100 Kazakhstan decriminalized homosexuality in late 1997, but between 2024 and 2026 experienced signi…
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Jordan Caution 29/100 Jordan decriminalized homosexuality in 1951 when drafting its own penal code (one of the earliest…
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Kyrgyzstan Caution 29/100 Kyrgyzstan decriminalized homosexuality in 1998 after Soviet independence, but the context has de…
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Tajikistan Caution 25/100 Although consensual same-sex relations were decriminalized in May 1998, LGBTQI+ people in Tajikis…
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United Arab Emirates Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under the Federal Crimes and Penalties Law (Federal Decree-La…
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Afghanistan Avoid 10/100 Following the Taliban takeover in 2021, homosexuality is deemed against Islamic (Sharia) law and …
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Bangladesh Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Section 377 of the Penal Code inherited from the Britis…
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Bahrain Avoid 10/100 Although consensual same-sex relations between adults are not explicitly criminalized since 1976,…
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Brunei Avoid 10/100 The Sharia Penal Code Order (SPCO) implemented in 2014 and fully in force since 2019 prescribes d…
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Indonesia Avoid 10/100 Indonesia is an archipelago with an ambiguous legal framework: the national criminal code carries…
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Iraq Avoid 10/100 In April 2024, the Iraqi Parliament passed a law explicitly criminalizing same-sex relations with…
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Iran Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Iran's Islamic Penal Code (articles 233-239), with pena…
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North Korea Avoid 10/100 North Korea's 1950 Criminal Code (amended 2009) does not explicitly criminalize same-sex relation…
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Kuwait Avoid 10/100 Consensual same-sex relations between adult men are criminalized under Article 193 of the Penal C…
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Myanmar Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Section 377 of Myanmar's Penal Code (enacted 1886 under…
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Maldives Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Section 411(2) of the Maldives Penal Code (in force sin…
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Malaysia Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Section 377A of the Penal Code (enacted 1871 under Brit…
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Oman Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under articles 33 and 223 of Oman's penal code, with sentence…
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Pakistan Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 377 of the Pakistan Penal Code (enacted 1860, i…
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Palestine Avoid 10/100 The legal framework in Palestine is complex and divided: the West Bank applies the 1951 Jordanian…
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Qatar Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 296 of the Penal Code (Law 11/2004), with sente…
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Saudi Arabia Avoid 10/100 Saudi Arabia has no codified penal code: it applies Sharia as interpreted by judges, with penalti…
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Syria Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations have been criminalized since 1949 under Article 520 of the Syrian Penal Code, …
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Turkmenistan Avoid 10/100 Relations between men are criminalized under Article 135, Section 1 of Turkmenistan's Criminal Co…
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Uzbekistan Avoid 10/100 Relations between men are criminalized under Article 120 of Uzbekistan's Criminal Code (1994, rev…
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Yemen Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under articles 264 and 268 of the 1994 Penal Code, with penal…
Africa · 54 countries
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Botswana Friendly 67/100 Botswana decriminalized same-sex relations on June 11, 2019 by High Court ruling, upheld on appea…
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Cape Verde Friendly 65/100 Cape Verde is one of the most LGBT-tolerant countries in Africa.
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Mauritius Neutral 57/100 Mauritius decriminalized same-sex relations on October 4, 2023, when the Supreme Court declared S…
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Seychelles Neutral 55/100 Seychelles decriminalized same-sex relations on May 18, 2016, when the National Assembly approved…
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South Africa Neutral 55/100 South Africa is the only African country with marriage equality (Civil Union Act, November 30, 20…
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Angola Neutral 52/100 Angola revised its Penal Code on November 4, 2020 (signed by the president on November 6 and in f…
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Guinea-Bissau Neutral 49/100 Guinea-Bissau decriminalized homosexuality in 1993 with the post-independence penal-code decree (No.
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Mozambique Neutral 48/100 Mozambique decriminalized same-sex relations on June 30, 2015 with the new Penal Code signed by P…
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São Tomé and Príncipe Neutral 48/100 São Tomé and Príncipe decriminalized same-sex relations in 2012 with its Penal Code reform.
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Lesotho Neutral 44/100 Lesotho decriminalized same-sex relations in 2012.
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Namibia Caution 39/100 Namibia experienced a year of contradictory movements.
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Rwanda Caution 36/100 Same-sex relations have never been criminalized in Rwanda and the age of consent (18) is equal.
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Equatorial Guinea Caution 25/100 Although same-sex relations are not explicitly criminalized (legal since 1931), LGBTQI+ people fa…
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DR Congo Caution 23/100 Same-sex relations are legal in the DRC but no statutory shield exists.
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Benin Caution 20/100 Benin maintains same-sex acts legal (age of consent equalized in 2018), being one of the few fran…
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Gabon Caution 20/100 Gabon experienced a regression-restoration between 2019-2020: on July 5, 2019 criminalized same-s…
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Central African Republic Avoid 17/100 Central African Republic has same-sex relations legal but marriage is constitutionally banned (Ar…
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Madagascar Avoid 17/100 Same-sex relations have been legal in Madagascar since 1972 for those aged 21 and older.
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Burkina Faso Avoid 10/100 Burkina Faso criminalized same-sex relations on September 1, 2025 (within the new Persons and Fam…
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Burundi Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Burundi's Penal Code (article 590 of the 2017 revised C…
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Cameroon Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Cameroon's Penal Code (article 347-1, introduced in 197…
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Djibouti Avoid 10/100 Although no law explicitly mentions same-sex relations, Djibouti's authorities prosecute them und…
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Algeria Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Algeria's Penal Code (articles 338 and 333, in force si…
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Egypt Avoid 10/100 Although Egypt's Penal Code does not explicitly criminalize same-sex relations, authorities apply…
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Eritrea Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under article 600 of Eritrea's Penal Code (Section II 'Sexual…
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Ethiopia Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under articles 629-630 of Ethiopia's Penal Code (2004), with …
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Ghana Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations between males are criminalized under Section 104(1)(b) of Ghana's Criminal Cod…
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The Gambia Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized in The Gambia since the 1933 Criminal Code, extended to women…
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Guinea Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under articles 325-327 of Guinea's Penal Code (since 1988), w…
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Kenya Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Sections 162 and 165 of Kenya's Penal Code (in force si…
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Comoros Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under article 300 of Comoros' Penal Code (2020), with penalti…
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Liberia Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Sections 14.74 and 14.79 of Liberia's Penal Code (1978)…
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Libya Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under article 407(4) of Libya's Penal Code (1953, amended in …
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Morocco Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under article 489 of Morocco's Penal Code (since 1962), with …
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Mali Avoid 10/100 Mali criminalized homosexuality in December 2024 under the military junta, reversing the previous…
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Mauritania Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 308 of the 1983 Criminal Code, with the death p…
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Malawi Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Sections 153, 156 and 137A of the Penal Code (inherited…
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Nigeria Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized throughout Nigeria: up to 14 years' imprisonment in southern …
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Sudan Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 148 of the 1991 Criminal Act (amended in 2009 a…
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Sierra Leone Avoid 10/100 Male same-sex relations are criminalized with life imprisonment under Section 61 of the Offences …
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Senegal Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 319 of the Senegalese Penal Code.
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Somalia Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations have been criminalized in Somalia since 1899.
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South Sudan Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 248 of the 2008 Penal Code ("unnatural offences…
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Eswatini Avoid 10/100 Male same-sex relations are classified as sodomy under 1907 common law, without practical enforce…
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Chad Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations have been criminalized since 2017 under Article 354 of the new Penal Code, wit…
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Togo Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 88 of the 1980 Penal Code, with penalties of 1 …
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Tunisia Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Article 230 of the 1913 Penal Code, with up to 3 years'…
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Tanzania Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized with life imprisonment (minimum 30 years) under Section 154 o…
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Uganda Avoid 10/100 The 2023 Anti-Homosexuality Act establishes life imprisonment for homosexual acts and the death p…
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Zambia Avoid 10/100 Same-sex relations are criminalized under Sections 155 and 156 of the Penal Code (amended by Act No.
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Zimbabwe Avoid 10/100 Male same-sex sexual relations are criminalized (British colonial inheritance), with penalties of…
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Republic of the Congo Avoid 9/100 The Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) has same-sex sexual activity legal since 1940 — one…
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Côte d'Ivoire Avoid 8/100 In Côte d'Ivoire, private consensual same-sex behaviour is lawful and has never carried criminal …
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Niger Avoid 1/100 Niger criminalized same-sex relations in March 2025, when the military junta adopted Article 25 o…